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A reservoir,an artificial lakeorimpoundmentis created in river valleys by the construction of adamto storewater.
A dam constructed in a valley relies on the naturaltopographyto provide most of the basin of the reservoir. Dams are typically located at a narrow part of a valley downstream of a natural basin to provide strength and the lowest practical cost of construction. From a water budget point of view, large reservoirs are hydrologically most efficient. Large reservoirs, through their carry over capacity, and informed reservoir operation can serve as a preventive tool against droughts.
In addition to diverting water for irrigation, large reservoirs often serve multiple purposes such as meeting drinking water needs, flood control, hydro-power generation, fish breeding and recreation activities such as boating and water-sports.They form the unique source of raw water for drinking purposes to serve the needs of large urban centres.
For irrigation purposes, water is released into networks ofcanalsfor use infarmlandsor secondary water systems and can irrigate far off fertile lands, away from the lands adjacent to rivers, providing opportunity for development to those not favourably located and across to other basins based on the demand. In most of the cases the water flows under gravity thereby helping reduce carbon foot prints of agriculture. The quality of water in the reservoirs depends on the land-use in its watershed.
All reservoirs will have a monetary cost/benefit assessment and environment, social and cultural impact assessment. In many reservoir construction projects people have to be re-located and rehabilitated, historical artefacts moved or rare environments relocated.
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Irrigation
Sources of Irrigation
Irrigation History +
Sources of Irrigation +
IMPROVING SOIL MOISTURE +
Ponds +
Tanks +
Diversion Weirs +
Dams and Reservoirs +
Groundwater +
Conjunctive Water Use +
Wastewater +
Poor Quality Water +
Application of Irrigation water
Purpose of Irrigation
Instruments and implements of Irrigation
Irrigation Management
Irrigation and environment
Capacity Development
Drainage
- Fault dam spring
- Groundwater dam
- Retention dams
- Quondam
- Detention dam
- Diversion dam
- Sudd, or Sadd (Arabic : barrier or dam)
- Basket dam
- Sausage dam
- Crib, Crib dam, Pigsty work, Pigstying
- Sill dam
- Closed weir, Overflow diversion dam, Fixed crest weir, Blind weir, or Ungated weir
- Open weir, or Open diversion dam
- Fixed buttress weir, Ambursen dam or Ambursen weir
- Dam
- Check dam
- Masonry dam
- Masonry-cum-earth dam
- Framed dam
- Timber dam
- Steel dam
- Gravity dam, Solid gravity dam, Curved gravity dam, or Gravity arch dam
- Straight gravity dam
- Buttress dam
- Flat slab buttress dam, Flat deck dam, Deck dam, Slab and buttress dam, ,Fixed slab buttress dam, Fixed deck dam, Free deck dam, or Cantilever buttress dam
- Truss buttress dam
- Columnar buttress dam
- Multiple arch-buttress dam
- Deckless buttress dam, Massive head buttress dam
- Multiple dome buttress dam
- Cupola dam
- Hollow dam
- Conoidal dam
- Prestressed dam
- Arch dam, Arched dam, or Massive arch dam
- Constant radius arch dam, Constant centre arch dam, or Constant centre dam
- Constant angle arch dam
- Variable radius arch dam, or Variable centre dam
- Arch dam in series
- Earth dam, or Embankment dam
- Hydraulic fill dams
- Semi-hydraulic fill dam
- Rolled-fill dam, or Rolled-earthfill dam
- Homogeneous earth dam
- Modified homogeneous earth dam
- Composite earth dam, Multiple-zoned earth dam, or Zoned earth dam
- Rockfill dam
- Core-wall type rockfill dam
- Composite type rockfill dam, or Earth-and-rockfill dam
- Coffer dam
- Overflow dam, or Overfall dam
- Non-overflow dam
- Solid dam, or Blind dam
- Sluice dam
- Limpet dam, or Leech dam
- Length of dam, or Crest length
- Structural height of dam, or Maximum height of dam
- Volume (dam)
- Dam axis, Axis of dam, or Axis
- Top of the dam, or Crest level of the dam
- Central angle of arch dam
- Trial load twist method (for gravity dams)
- Unit column method (for buttress dam)
- Groyne head distributor, or Groyne dam distributor
- Temporary check dam, or Bag check
- Average annual damage, Expected annual damage, or Mathematical expectation value of damages
- Stage-damage curve
- Synthetic depth/damage data
- Bituminous macadam
- Land coffer dam
- Water coffer dam
- Earth (dike)-coffer dam, or Earthfill coffer dam
- Single-wall coffer dam
- Rockfill coffer dam, or Rock dike coffer dam
- Rock-filled double-wall coffer dam
- Rock-filled crib coffer dam
- Double-wall coffer dam
- Double-wall wood coffer dam, or Double-wall timber sheeted coffer dam
- Ohio (river)-type coffer dam
- Double-wall pile sheeting coffer dam
- Cellular coffer dam
- Diaphragm cellular coffer dam
- Circular cellular coffer dam
- Shot drill, Adamantine drill, Shot drilling, Adamantine drilling
- Pressure regulating reservoirs
- Wire dam, or Wire-wrapped dam
- Soil-saving dam
- Filter dam
- Dam break analysis
- Estuary dam
- Liquidated damages
