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A generic framework for capacity development that has gained acceptance in the water sectorcomprises four levelsof capacity development.
Individual level: This is the most “concrete” and familiar part of capacity development. Itincludes the education and training of the various stakeholders, farmers, local professionals,engineers and other disciplines involved in irrigation.
Organizational level: This refers to groups of people such as water user organizations, research groups, government extension agencies, private enterprises that share commonobjectives such as improved livelihoods at a farming level or improved water management orincreased agricultural productivity at a national level. Institutions are the rules and agreements, formal and informal, and shared values that bind organizations. Thus, the capacity of anorganization is embedded in the ability of its individuals to work together within establishedrules and values and to interact with other organizations.
Sector level: The sector level emphasizes the point that irrigation is part of the larger pictureof integrated water resource management and reflects the increasing awareness of the need forpolicies that integrate and cover all aspects of the water sector and not just irrigation, watersupplies and the environment in isolation.
Enabling environment: This represents the broad national and international contextwithin which irrigated agriculture can develop.It has immense influence over what happensat the lower levels. It is concerned withpolicy at the highest levels in government,the socio-economic conditions that enable ordiscourage irrigation development, and thelegal framework that provides farmers withsecurity of tenure for land and water and thepower to seek legal redress when contractsare broken.
The diagonal arrows in the Figure emphasize the links between the levels. Forexample, in irrigation the performance of awater users association (WUA) is shapedas much by society (laws and regulations)as it is by individuals (skills, leadership andrelationships).
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Irrigation
Sources of Irrigation
Application of Irrigation water
Purpose of Irrigation
Instruments and implements of Irrigation
Irrigation Management
Irrigation and environment
Capacity Development
Drainage
- Level of significance, or Significance level
- Critical region - Significance level
- Confidence coefficient, or Confidence level
- Acceptable quality level
- Infiltration capacity
- Evaporativity, Evaporative capacity, Evaporation power, Potential rate of evaporation, or Evaporation potential
- Channel capacity
- Artesian capacity
- Field capacity, Normal field capacity, Normal moisture capacity, Maximum field carrying capacity, Field capillary (moisture) capacity, Effective water-holding capacity, Specific retention
- Overdevelopment
- Water-stage recorder, or Water-level recorder
- Liquid-level recorder, or Stage recorder
- Heat capacity, Entropy
- Specific heat capacity
- Specific level
- Aggradation of levels, or Accretion of levels
- Retrogression of levels
- Degradation, or Degradation of levels
- Low level groyne, Bed groyne, or Sedimentary groyne
- Transportation capacity
- Air capacity of soil
- Exchange capacity, Cation exchange capacity, Base exchange capacity, or Saturation capacity
- Buffering capacity
- Moisture-holding capacity, Saturation capacity or Maximum water capacity
- Field capacity
- Available moisture capacity
- Tidal water level
- Mean tide level, or Half-tide level
- Mean sea level (MSL)
- Pond, or Pool level
- Dead storage capacity, or Dead storage
- Reservoir capacity, Gross capacity reservoir, Gross storage, or Storage capacity
- Capacity curve
- Maximum water level
- Retention water level, Top water level, Normal top water level, Full supply level, or Normal water level
- Exceptional water level, or Abnormal water level
- Minimum reservoir level, or Maximum draw down level
- Minimum operating level
- Dead storage level
- Normal water surface elevation, Normal water level, Conservation water level, Storage level, Normal pool level, or Conservation storage level
- Top of the dam, or Crest level of the dam
- Ultimate bearing capacity
- Free level tunnel, or Free flow tunnel
- Transportation capacity
- Maximum flow line, Full supply line, Designed maximum flow line, Designed full supply level, Actual maximum flow line, or Actual full supply line
- Maximum level of normal operation
- Maximum level of emergency operation
- Capacity statement
- Water level diagram
- Natural surface level, or Ground levels
- Full supply level
- Bed level
- Constant upstream level offtake regulator
- Constant downstream level offtake regulator
- Disc-valve constant level offtake regulator, Disk-valve constant level regulator (farm) outlet
- Constant downstream level gates
- Constant upstream level gates
- Mixed water levels control gate
- Optimum capacity of an outlet, Optimum farm stream
- Constant upstream level outlet, or Constant upstream level farm turnout
- Level crossing, or Level drainage device
- Duty on capacity, or Full supply duty
- Constant upstream level gate
- Constant downstream level gate
- Rural Development
- Inverted capacity
- Standing level (in a well)
- Static level, or Hydrostatic level
- Dynamic level
- Capacity of a well
- Artesian-well capacity, or Capacity of artesian well
- Specific capacity of a well
- Tested capacity
- Head-capacity curve for a well
- Field head-capacity curve for pump
- Well development
- Escaping capacity
- Levelling, or Grading
- Laser leveling
- Levelling equipment
- Drag scraper, Leveling drag scraper, or Blade scraper
- Crop development stage
- Initial development stage
- Level of supply
- Performance level of a collective system
- Level of satisfaction of the water requirement of users
- Natural drainage or Natural drainage capacity
- Levelling, or Grading
- Drain capacity
- Field capacity, Field moisture capacity, Normal field capacity, Normal capacity, Capillary capacity, Maximum field carrying capacity, Field capillary (moisture) capacity, Effective water holding capacity
- Piezometric level
- Storage capacity
- Sand-carrying capacity (lime mortar)
- Full capacity dial
- Related level control
- Hydraulic filter level offset, or HyFLO
- Electronic filter level offset, or El-FLO
- Water level control system (pumps)
- Irrigation development project or system
- Development corporation
- Base level of erosion
- Differential water capacity
- Level terrace
- Carrying capacity
- Trophic level
- Eco‑development
- Background level
- Assimilative capacity
- Acceptance capacity
- Incipient lethal level
- Threshold level, Critical level
- Maximum contaminant level
- Maximum permissible level
- Cation exchange capacity
- Base exchange capacity
- Adaptive Capacity
- Capacity building
- Coping capacity
- Risk management capacity
- Flood meter, or Water level gauge
- Flood stage, or Flood level
- Overflowing, or Overtopping by high water level
- Design flood level
- Alarm level, Danger level, or Warning stage
- Storage capacity
- High-level language (HLL)
- Higher level system
- Project, Scheme, Water project, or Water resources development project
- Integrated river basin development
- Unified river basin development
- Optimum plan of development
- Development farm
- Community development
- Multi-annual storage, or Multi-annual storage capacity
- Phases of water resources development
- Vertical control, or Level control
- Development period
- Price levels
- Level of living
- Detailed integrated river basin development report, or Basin report
- Development project
- Capacity, capacity development, capacity building
- Sea-Level Rise
