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Floriculture, or flower farming, is a discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and for floristry, comprising the floral industry. The development, via plant breeding, of new varieties is a major occupation of floriculturists.
Floriculture crops include bedding plants, houseplants, flowering garden and pot plants, cut cultivated greens, and cut flowers. As distinguished from nursery crops, floriculture crops are generally herbaceous. Bedding and garden plants consist of young flowering plants (annuals and perennials) and vegetable plants. They are grown in cell packs (in flats or trays), in pots, or in hanging baskets, usually inside a controlled environment, and sold largely for gardens and landscaping. Pelargonium ("geraniums"), Impatiens ("busy lizzies"), andPetuniaare the best-selling bedding plants.
Flowering plants are largely sold in pots for indoor use. The major flowering plants are poinsettias, orchids, florist chrysanthemums, and finished florist azaleas. Foliage plants are also sold in pots and hanging baskets for indoor and patio use, including larger specimens for office, hotel, and restaurant interiors. flowers are usually sold in bunches or as bouquets with cut foliage. The production of cut flowers is specifically known as thecut flower industry. Farming flowers and foliage employs special aspects of floriculture, such as spacing, training and pruning plants for optimal flower harvest; and post-harvest treatment such as chemical treatments, storage, preservation and packaging.
The seeds of floriculture were first planted in Babylonian Times, with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. A far cry from what is considered modern floriculture involving greenhouses and the nurturing of flowers and other potted plants, the Hanging Gardens were regarded as one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. The first greenhouse was built around A.D. 30 for the Roman emperor Tiberius. The history of floriculture has grown from there.
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